Iodine



=Table of Contents: = >
 * =Introduction =
 * =History =
 * =Economics =
 * =Enviornment =
 * =Health =
 * =Chemistry &Physics =
 * =Fun Facts =
 * =Sources =

=Introduction: =
 * Iodine takes its form in a violet-black solid. It passes off vapors at an ambient temperatures into a blue-violet gas with an unpleasant odor.
 * It is a halogen, but is less reactive then the other elements that are also classified as halogens, such as: Flourine, Chlorine and Bromine.
 * The element occurs primarily in seawater and in solids formed when seawater evaporates.
 * It is classified under the non-metallic part of the perodic table.
 * Iodine is found in everyday materials most common in medicines or cleansers for your skin.
 * There are four types of iodine, iodine-129, iodine-131, iodine-123, and iodine-124
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It melts at 113.5 ° C
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Boiling Point is 184.0°C

=<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">History: =


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Iodine was discovered in 1811 by a chemist named Bernard Courtois, he discovered it while he was doing an experiment on seaweed ash, and after adding sulfuric acid to the seaweed ash.It is obtained from potassium andsodium compounds.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It is named iodine because in Greek iôdes means "violet", which is relavent to Iodine becasue of its violet tint.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It was first used for Penicillin, even though Penicillin was discover by a student before the 1800's. No one knew that it had a trace of Iodine.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It was an Indian from India who was credited with the discovery of Iodine into the Medical Hall of Fame. His name is Sunker Bisey

=<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Economics: =
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Other compounds of Iodine are used in photography and dyes.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Here is some information about the economic state of iodine: (Data in thousand kilograms elemental iodine unless otherwise noted)



=<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Environment: =
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Can be found naturally in air, water and soil.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Iodine maybe radioactive, most of its isotopes are radioactive.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Most of these isotopes have very short half lives, and are quickly restored to stable Iodine.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">During 1945 through 1962, many people in the United States were exposed to radiation fallout from Iodine 131 from multiple sources. Inflicting mostly children younger than 10 years of age. This exposure put those children at risk for thyroid and parathyroid disease and cancer of the thyroid.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Iodine 131 is radioctive and used as a medical tracer and used in thyroid disease treatment and diagnosis.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Iodine-131 has a half-life of about 8 days
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Iodine-129 produced by the fission of uranium atoms during the detonation of nuclear weapons.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Has a half-life of 15.7 million years
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Iodine can be absorbed by plants, water, and air.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cattle can absorb iodine through the plants, if the plants have been exposed to Iodine.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Humans release Iodine into eh atmosphere, but compared to other elements and compounds being released into the atmosphere, Iodine is very minimally released.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Human activity releases very little compared to the Iodine released by the ocean also
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">About 400,000 tons on iodine escape from the oceans every year
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">See [|here]for more information.

=<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Health: =
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Funcions of Iodine in the body:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Required for manufacture of thyroxine (and therefore control of metabolic rate)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Essential to the normal development of the foetal nervous system
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">May protect against the effects of radioactivity
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Can regulate the effects of oestrogen on breast tissue
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A required component of healthy connective tissue
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Chronic deficiency of iodine may cause thyroid gland dysfunction and various neurological, gastrointestinal and skin abnormalities.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Compounds of Iodine are used in medicine.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Some of which is radioactive and some not radioactive.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Some of which is used for weight lose, germicides, and antiseptics.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Treated children have to atten estimated of 0.35-0.56 years of additional schooling
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The effect was studied to be more largerly affected for girls
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cretinism a severe form of mental retardation is a rare outcome of severe iodine intake during pregnancy
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Growth stunting
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Apathy
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Impaired movement
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Speech/Hearing.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Should be handled with care bcause of its effects on skin, iodine is an an irritant which can cause sores on the skin
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Iodine vapor is also known to cause extreme irritaion to the eyes.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">People who eat little to no bread encounter iodine shortages (which is not good)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Iodine has the ablity to kill germs.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Poeple Obtain Iodine from their diets, Depending on where the food came from for example with mountain water or heavy rainfall tend to have lower iodine content, increasing the risk of iodine deficiency
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">For more in depth information on Iodines importance and affect on the body visit [|here].

=<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Chemistry/ Physicis: =
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Forms many compounds, such as: potassium iodide, sodium iodide, iodic acid and periodic acid.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Potassium iodide is used commerically.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sodium iodide is used in the Finkelstein reaction, which is basically a reaction in which one halogen atom is switched otu for the another.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Iodic acid is considered a strong oxidizer.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Iodine also forms starch, which is used in iodometry and iodine clock reaction.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Iodometry is a method of volumetric chemical anaylis, using iodine as an indicator.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In ways Iodine-129 is similar to chlorine-36. It is a soluble halogen, non-reactive, exists mainly as a anion

=<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Fun Facts: =
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">There are 37 isotopes of Iodine, the only one that is stable out of those is Iodine 127.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">For a small list of a few of iodines isotopes click [|here].
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">For some more facts about iodine, view the bottom half of [|this]website.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It talks about other facts and information about iodine, and the iodine on the periodic table.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A very informational video about iodine, made in the United Kingdom.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">media type="youtube" key="ARXSnu8ImqQ?fs=1" height="333" width="432"

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px;">**Sources:**


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Chemical Elements.com - Iodine (I)." Chemical Elements.com - An Interactive Periodic Table of the Elements. Web. 12 Jan. 2011. <[]>
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University. Web. 12 Jan. 2011. <[]>
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Iodine." Web. 19 Jan. 2011. <[]>
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ATSDR Home. Web. 19 Jan. 2011. <[]>
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Srivastava, Swapnil. "Iodine: The Element." Buzzle Web Portal: Intelligent Life on the Web. Web. 19 Jan. 2011. <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/iodine-the-element.html>.[]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Iodine." Periodic Table of Elements and Chemistry. Web. 19 Jan. 2011. <http://www.chemicool.com/elements/iodine.html>.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Iodine, Chemical Element - Overview, Discovery and Naming, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Occurrence in Nature, Isotopes." Chemistry: Foundations and Applications. Web. 19 Jan. 2011. <[]>.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Facts about IODINE ***." Facts About Everything! Arts, Literature, Science, History, Events, Entertainment, People, Places and the Natural World. Web. 19 Jan. 2011. <[]>.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Iodine (I) - Chemical Properties, Health and Environmental Effects." Water Treatment and Purification - Lenntech. Web. 19 Jan. 2011. <[]>.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2007. Washington D.C: Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, 2007. Print.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Iodine. Role of Iodine and Iodine Effects. Iodine Supplements." Natural Health Information Centre | Reliable Natural Health Information. Web. 19 Jan. 2011. <http://www.natural-health-information-centre.com/iodine.html>.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Iodine." Organic Chemistry Portal. Web. 19 Jan. 2011. <http://www.organic-chemistry.org/chemicals/oxidations/iodine.shtm>.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"The Element Iodine." The Periodic Table. Web. 19 Jan. 2011. <http://www.periodic-table.org.uk/element-iodine.htm>.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[Dictionary Catalog of the Harvard University Fine Arts Library, 1895-1981]. Print.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Iodine | Essential Information." WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements. Web. 19 Jan. 2011. <http://www.webelements.com/iodine/>.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"YouTube - Iodine (version 1) - Periodic Table of Videos." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 19 Jan. 2011. <[]>
 * "AEAweb Journal Articles Display." Web. 19 Jan. 2011. [].
 * "Iodine : Uses and Health Benefits." //ENotAlone: Relationship, Personal Growth, Health Advice and Articles//. Web. 19 Jan. 2011. [].
 * "Chemistry - Iodine." //Chemistry Daily - Articles on Every Chemistry Topic//. Web. 19 Jan. 2011. <http://www.chemistrydaily.com/chemistry/Iodine>.