String+Theory+2+(David+Olson+and+James+Kloss)

Quantum Mechanics General Relativity Importance of String Theory __Basic Properties__ History of String Theory Other Video Survey Works Cited ||
 * Table of Contents [[image:http://farm1.static.flickr.com/28/219452945_06b866d74f.jpg align="right"]]**
 * What is String Theory

What is String Theory:

String Theory, (superstring theory, M-theory), is a theory that postulates that subatomic particles are one-dimensional strings [ 1 ] String theory is a theory that describes the fundamental structure of our universe. It states that rather than the world being made up of all of the fundamental building blocks of the Standard Model , (There are twelve basic building blocks. Six of these are quarks, by the names of up, down, charm, strange, bottom, and top. The other six are leptons --- the electron, the muon, the tauon, and three neutrinos), that the world is, contrarily, made up of strings. String theory, if true, proves that everything in the universe is actually made up of tiny strings that are constantly vibrating, oscillating, etc.

The string theory attempts to combine two different theories to create one ultimate theory of the universe. String theory combines Quantum Theory, and General Relativity. 2 ] Although some scientist believe it to be false, or not even a scientific theory at all, there have not been any predictions that could prove it wrong. Therefore, it continues to be, and has been studied for the past 20 years.

Quantum Mechanics:

Quantum Mechanics is a mathematical machine that predicts the behaviors of microscopic particles.

"In day to day life, we intuitively understand how the world works. Drop a glass and it will smash to the floor. Push a wagon and it will roll along. Walk to a wall and you can't walk through it. There are very basic laws of physics going on all around us that we instinctively grasp: gravity makes things fall to the ground, pushing something makes it move, two things can't occupy the same place at the same time.

At the turn of the century, scientists thought that all the basic rules like this should apply to everything in nature -- but then they began to study the world of the ultra-small. Atoms, electrons, light waves, none of these things followed the normal rules. As physicists like Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein began to study particles, they discovered new physics laws that were downright quirky. These were the laws of quantum mechanics, and they got their name from the work of Max Planck.e." [ [|3] ] Quantum Theory is an idea that relates to how you look at the world. The smaller the scale which you look that the world, the more random things become. Heisenberg's uncertainty principal states: "The "uncertainty relation" between the position and the momentum (mass times velocity) of a subatomic particle, such as an electron. This relation has profound implications for such fundamental notions as causality and the determination of the future behavior of an atomic particle." [ [|4] ]   Heisenberg's Principal shows the uncertainty in measuring an electron's position and momentum while it is orbiting.

General Relativity

General Relativity was proposed by Einstein in 1915. It is the combination of space and time into what Einstein called //spacetime // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">. The theory states that rather than matter moving through a passive space-time continuum, that the presence of matter should distort space-time. Spacetime can be warped by forces from massive bodies such as planets. This warping causes an attractive force. "The gravitational force dominates our Universe on the large scale, binding matter into stars, stars into galaxies, and galaxies into clusters of galaxies. The classical theory of gravitation is based on Newton's law of gravity which states that two masses (m1 and m2) separated by a distance (r) feel a mutual gravitational attraction:

If one was to place a pool ball on a trampoline, it would create a dip that would cause nearby marbles to roll into. This is similar to how planets cause nearby objects to be attracted to them. 5 ]

Importance of String Theory:

String Theory is seen with different value depending on whether the person judging it works in the field that it relates to or not. Those who just observe it from afar do not understand the true significance of the theory and therefore simply see it as a strange conjecture. However, those who work in the field find the string theory see it as a key step in a fuller understanding of the world. Although String Theory has a lack of experimental capabilities, it is seen as a step that has reached deeper into the structure of physical matter than anything before it. Even those who support String Theory do not necessarily believe the existence of strings. If an experimental test can be found to prove string theory, this will be a giant step for mankind the fully understanding the world we live.

Basic Properties: media type="custom" key="5127645" width="405" height="376"

History of String Theory

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Poem:

My father played the violin and taught Music <span class="hitHighlite" style="color: red; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**theory** —a <span class="hitHighlite" style="color: red; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**theory** of the <span class="hitHighlite" style="color: red; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**string** , If not <span class="hitHighlite" style="color: red; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**string theory**, that equation sought By those who crave a <span class="hitHighlite" style="color: red; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**Theory** of Everything. He read the new quartets—Diamond, Riegger, Carter, Piston—as soon as they appeared, Scores of scores: an impassioned man eager For harmonies that had not yet been heard, For music must be made within the mind First and only after sounded. "World sheet" Is what they call the surface of the kind Of curve that vibrates to the rhythmic beat Of relativity. My father knew

A <span class="hitHighlite" style="color: red; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**string** quartet is more than two plus two []



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** Works Cited ** "General Relativity." //NCSA Web archive bounce page//. Web. 08 Jan. 2010. <[] >. "NOVA | The Elegant Universe | Watch the Program |." //PBS//. Web. 08 Jan. 2010. <[] >. "Quantum Mechanics." //PBS//. Web. 07 Jan. 2010. <[] >. "Uncertainty Principle (Werner Heisenberg)." //Thebigview.com - Pondering the Big Questions//. Web. 08 Jan. 2010. <[] >. "What is String Theory ?" Web. 07 Jan. 2010. <[]. Witten, Edward. "String Theory." Print.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 23px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">"String Theory." <span class="citation IAC Gale" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 23px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">__The Southern Review__ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 23px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">. 39.4 (Sept. 2003): p688. <span class="citation IAC Gale" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 23px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">__Literature Resource Center__ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">. Gale. EDWIN O SMITH HIGH SCHOOL. 7 Jan. 2010 <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/start.do?p=LitRC&u=s2191>.

See also from www.wikipedia.org:

 * [|List of string theory topics]
 * [|Conformal field theory]
 * [|F-theory]
 * [|Fuzzballs]
 * [|Little string theory]
 * [|Loop quantum gravity]
 * [|Relationship between string theory and quantum field theory]
 * [|String cosmology]
 * [|Supergravity]
 * [|Zeta function regularization]
 * //[|The Elegant Universe]//